An orthopedic surgeon is a medical doctor who has received up to 14 years of education in the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (bones and joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage). Some orthopaedic surgeons practice general orthopedics, while others specialize in treating certain body parts such as the foot and ankle, hand and wrist, spine, knee, shoulder, or hip. Some orthopaedists may also focus on a specific population such as pediatrics, trauma, or sports medicine.

Achilles Tendon Injuries: Non-Surgical and Surgical Approaches to Treatment
Achilles tendon injuries are among the most common and debilitating conditions affecting the lower leg, especially in athletes and active individuals. The Achilles tendon is