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Spinal deformities are structural abnormalities in the curvature or alignment of the spine that can significantly affect posture, mobility, and quality of life. The three most common types of spinal deformities are scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Each presents differently and

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a common spinal condition that arises from the gradual wear and tear of the intervertebral discs over time. Despite the name, it is not technically a disease but a natural part of aging that can

Spinal stenosis is a condition that occurs when the spaces within the spine narrow, placing pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This narrowing most commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine) and the neck (cervical spine), leading to a

A herniated disc, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft inner gel-like center of a spinal disc (nucleus pulposus) pushes through a tear in the tougher exterior (annulus fibrosus). This condition typically affects the lower

Hip bursitis is a painful condition that affects the small fluid-filled sacs—called bursae—located near the hip joint. These sacs serve to cushion the muscles, tendons, and bones, reducing friction during movement. When one of the major bursae in the hip

Knee ligament injuries are among the most common and serious musculoskeletal injuries, often occurring during athletic activity or as a result of trauma. The knee joint relies on four primary ligaments for stability: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate